Alexander Opitz's lab works on improving non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technologies based on electromagnetic fields. Computational models to estimate the electric field distribution during transcranial magnetic (TMS), transcranial electric (TES) stimulation are integrated with neuronavigation systems to improve targeting approaches of specific brain circuits. This is combined with studies of the biophysical and physiological foundations of NIBS with the hope that a better understanding can be translated into improved stimulation protocols for clinical applications.